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فهرست محتوای دیجیتالی
فهرست مطالب
فهرست نقدها
1978 مرتبه مشاهده شده
Heart failure : a companion to Braunwald’s heart disease
- ISBN: 9780323609876
- ISBN: 0323609872
- ISBN: 9780323609883
- Call Number : WG 370 H436 2020
- Title: Heart failure : a companion to Braunwald’s heart disease / [edited by] G. Michael Felker, Douglas L. Mann.
- Edition: Fourth edition.
- Publication, Distribution: Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, 2020.
- Physical Description: xx, 739 p.: illustrations ; 29 cm
- Notes: Complemented by: Braunwald’s heart disease / edited by Douglas P. Zipes, Peter Libby, Robert O. Bonow, Douglas L. Mann, Gordon F. Tomaselli ; founding editor and online editor Eugene Braunwald. Eleventh edition. [2019]
- Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index
- Subject: Heart Failure.
- Added Entry: Felker, G. Michael editor.
- Added Entry: Mann, Douglas L editor.
- Added Entry: Braunwald’s heart disease Complemented by (expression) Eleventh ed
- Added Entry: Heart failure (Mann)
فهرست محتوای دیجیتالی
محتواي کتاب
فهرست مطالب
- SECTION I Basic Mechanisms of Heart Failure
- 1 - Molecular Basis of Heart Failure
- TYPES OF HEART FAILURE
- INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES AND MOLECULAR MODELING
- MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS OF PHYSIOLOGIC CARDIAC GROWTH, HYPERTROPHY, AND ATROPHY
- MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS OF PATHOLOGIC HYPERTROPHY
- CASCADES THAT TRANSDUCE HYPERTROPHIC SIGNALING
- Biomechanical Sensors of Hypertrophic Stimuli
- Neurohormonal and Growth Factor Signaling (see also Chapters 5 and 6)
- α-Adrenergic Receptors (see also Chapter 6)
- Angiotensin Signaling (see also Chapter 6)
- Endothelin
- The Gαq/Phospholipase C/Protein Kinase C Signaling Axis
- Mitogen-Activated/Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Cascades
- Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate-Induced Ca2+-Mediated Signaling, Calcineurin/NFAT Axis, and Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase Signaling
- Epigenetic Regulation of Transcription in Cardiac Hypertrophy
- Cross Talk Between Gαq and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/GSK3 Hypertrophic Signaling Pathways
- Non–Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling in Hypertrophy
- CARDIAC FIBROSIS
- CARDIAC INFLAMMATION
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 2 - Cellular Basis for Heart Failure
- CONTRACTILE DYSFUNCTION
- Normal Excitation-Contraction Coupling
- Impaired Ca2+ Handling in Failing Cardiac Myocytes
- Reduced SR Ca2+ Reuptake in Heart Failure (see also Chapter 1)
- Increased NCX Activity in the Failing Heart
- “Leaky” RyR2 Cause Diastolic SR Ca2+ Loss in Heart Failure
- Contribution of Impaired Ca2+ Handling to Arrhythmia
- Sarcomeric Dysfunction in Heart Failure
- GLOBAL MECHANISMS AFFECTING CARDIOMYOCYTE FUNCTION IN HEART FAILURE
- Redox Homeostasis in the Heart (see also Chapter 8)
- Protein Synthesis, Turnover, Quality Control, and Stress Responses
- Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Unfolded Protein Response
- Autophagy (see also Chapter 1)
- Ubiquitin-Proteasome System
- Paracrine Effects of Endothelial Cells
- Paracrine Effects of Fibroblasts
- Cardiomyocyte Angiogenic Signaling
- Activation of Inflammatory Pathways (see also Chapter 7)
- MICRORNA AND LONG NONCODING RNA-DEPENDENT PATHWAYS
- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- CONTRACTILE DYSFUNCTION
- 3 - Cellular Basis for Myocardial Regeneration and Repair
- THE POSTNATAL HEART IS NOT A POSTMITOTIC ORGAN
- Sources of Controversy in Postnatal Mammalian Cardiomyocyte Proliferation
- Molecular Basis of the Terminally Differentiated State of Cardiomyocytes
- MECHANISMS OF CARDIAC REGENERATION
- Noncardiomyocyte Cell Therapy
- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 4- Myocardial Basis for Heart Failure: Role of Cardiac Interstitium
- MYOCARDIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITION
- The Myocardial Fibroblast
- Myocardial Extracellular Matrix Proteolytic Degradation: The Matrix Metalloproteinases
- Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction and Extracellular Matrix Remodeling-Dilated Cardiomyopathy (see also Chapter 20)
- Myocardial Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Heart Failure—Diagnostic Potential
- Summary and Future Directions
- Key References
- References
- 1 - Molecular Basis of Heart Failure
- SECTION II Mechanisms of Disease Progression in Heart Failure
- 5 - Molecular Signaling Mechanisms of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Heart Failure
- A PERSPECTIVE ON THE RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM
- THE BIOCHEMICAL PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RENIN ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM
- Renin and Pro-Renin
- Other Nonrenin Enzymes
- ANGIOTENSIN II MEDIATED SIGNALING PATHWAYS
- Angiotensin II Receptors
- Ang II/AT1-R-Mediated G Protein-Coupled Pathways
- Ang II/AT1-R-Mediated Classic G Protein-Coupled Signaling Pathways
- Ang II/AT1-R-Mediated Transactivation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
- Ang II/AT1-R-Mediated Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinases Activation
- Ang II/AT1-R-Mediated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Activation
- Ang II/AT1-R-Mediated Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling
- G-Protein-Independent AT1-R Signaling Pathways
- Ang II/AT2-R-Mediated Signaling Pathways
- Angiotensin II Receptors
- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- KEY REFERENCES
- FURTHER READING
- REFERENCES
- 6 - Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Heart Failure
- ROLE OF INCREASED ADRENERGIC DRIVE IN THE NATURAL HISTORY OF HEART FAILURE
- ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR PHARMACOLOGY
- MYOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS OF ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR PATHWAYS
- ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR POLYMORPHISMS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE IN HEART FAILURE NATURAL HISTORY OR THERAPEUTICS
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 7 - Role of Innate Immunity in Heart Failure
- OVERVIEW OF INNATE IMMUNITY
- EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS IN THE HEART
- EFFECTORS OF THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN THE HEART
- Toll-like Receptor Signaling in Ischemia Reperfusion Injury and Myocardial Infarction
- Functional Role of Toll-like Receptor Signaling in Human Heart Failure
- NOD Receptors
- Other Pattern Recognition Receptors
- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 8 - Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure
- REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES AND ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEMS
- MARKERS OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HUMAN HEART FAILURE
- MECHANISMS OF INCREASED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN HEART FAILURE (FIG. 8.3)
- OXIDATIVE STRESS AND ANTIOXIDANT THERAPY IN ANIMAL MODELS OF HEART FAILURE
- MODELS OF DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 11)
- HUMAN TRIALS OF ANTIOXIDANT THERAPIES
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 9 - Natriuretic Peptides in Heart Failure: Pathophysiologic and Therapeutic Implications
- 10 - Systolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure
- CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR DETERMINANTS: A VIEW FROM 30,000 FEET
- MEASURING SYSTOLIC FUNCTION: A PRIMER ON PRESSURE-VOLUME RELATIONS
- BEAT-TO-BEAT REGULATION OF SYSTOLIC FUNCTION
- INTEGRATIVE MEASURES OF SYSTOLIC FUNCTION
- VENTRICULAR–ARTERIAL INTERACTION
- TREATING SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
- SUMMARY
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 11 - Alterations in Ventricular Function: Diastolic Heart Failure
- PHYSIOLOGY OF DIASTOLIC FILLING AND COMPLIANCE
- DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
- INVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF DIASTOLIC FUNCTION: RELAXATION AND CHAMBER STIFFNESS
- NONINVASIVE MEASUREMENT OF DIASTOLIC FUNCTION: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION: HIGH DIASTOLIC LEFT VENTRICLE STIFFNESS
- COMORBIDITIES IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 39)
- INFLAMMATION AND ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION
- THE NEW PARADIGM FOR HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
- HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION: A SYSTEMIC DISORDER
- HETEROGENEITY IN HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 12 - Alterations in Ventricular Structure: Role of Left Ventricular Remodeling and Reverse Remodeling in Heart Failure
- 13 - Alterations in the Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems in Heart Failure
- ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTIVITY
- Sympathetic Activation and Parasympathetic Withdrawal in Human Heart Failure (see also Chapters 6 and 42)
- CLINICAL CONSEQUENCES OF AUTONOMIC IMBALANCE
- MECHANISMS DISTURBING AUTONOMIC EQUILIBRIUM
- Therapeutic Implications (see also Chapters 37 and 42)
- Pharmacological Interventions
- Nonpharmacological Interventions
- Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (see also Chapter 38)
- Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation
- Carotid Baroreceptor Stimulation (see also Chapter 42)
- Carotid Body Denervation
- Diet
- Exercise Training
- Positive Airway Pressure
- Renal Denervation (see also Chapter 42)
- Spinal Cord Stimulation (see also Chapter 42)
- Vagal Nerve Stimulation (see also Chapter 42)
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 14 - Alterations in the Peripheral Circulation in Heart Failure
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC INSIGHTS
- Endothelial Dysfunction in Clinical Heart Failure
- Endothelial Dysfunction of the Coronary Circulation in Heart Failure
- TREATMENT OF ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN HEART FAILURE
- GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION IN HEART FAILURE
- ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITORS AND ANGIOGENIC FACTORS IN HEART FAILURE
- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 15 - Alterations in Kidney Function Associated With Heart Failure
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND THE IMPACT ON HEART FAILURE
- WORSENING KIDNEY FUNCTION AND PROGNOSIS
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN HEART FAILURE
- PERIPHERAL VOLUME SENSORS
- RENAL SYMPATHETIC NERVES
- CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE AS A DETERMINANT OF KIDNEY FUNCTION
- NEUROHORMONAL REGULATION OF KIDNEY FUNCTION
- BIOMARKERS OF KIDNEY DYSFUNCTION
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 16 - Alterations in Skeletal Muscle in Heart Failure
- SKELETAL MUSCLE ADAPTATIONS IN HEART FAILURE
- SKELETAL MUSCLE ATROPHY
- SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTILE DYSFUNCTION
- DECREASED OXIDATIVE CAPACITY AND METABOLISM
- EFFECTORS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE ADAPTATIONS
- CONTRIBUTION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE ADAPTATIONS TO SYMPTOMOLOGY
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 17 - Alterations in Cardiac Metabolism in Heart Failure
- 5 - Molecular Signaling Mechanisms of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Heart Failure
- SECTION III Etiologic Basis for Heart Disease
- 18 - Epidemiology of Heart Failure
- 19 - Heart Failure as a Consequence of Ischemic Heart Disease
- PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN HEART FAILURE
- PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE IN HEART FAILURE
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE HEART FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC HEART FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
- Left Ventricular Remodeling (see also Chapter 12)
- Myocardial Ischemia
- Hibernation/Stunning
- Endothelial Dysfunction
- Endothelial Vasodilators
- Endothelial Vasoconstrictors
- CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE AND DIASTOLIC HEART FAILURE (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 39)
- DIABETES, HEART FAILURE, AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 48)
- CONCLUSIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 20 - Heart Failure as a Consequence of Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- DEFINITION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
- NATURAL HISTORY OF DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- INFLAMMATION-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY
- ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC CAUSES OF CARDIOMYOPATHY (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 17)
- NUTRITIONAL CAUSES OF CARDIOMYOPATHY
- HEMATOLOGIC CAUSES OF CARDIOMYOPATHY
- HEMODYNAMIC AND STRESS-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 21 - Restrictive and Infiltrative Cardiomyopathies and Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy
- RESTRICTIVE AND INFILTRATIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
- Clinical Evaluation
- INHERITED AND ACQUIRED INFILTRATIVE DISORDERS CAUSING RESTRICTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
- Fabry Disease
- Gaucher Disease
- Hemochromatosis
- Glycogen Storage Disease
- Inflammatory Causes of Infiltrative Cardiomyopathy (see also Chapter 20)
- Endomyocardial Disease
- Endomyocardial Fibrosis
- Endocardial Fibroelastosis
- Pathology
- Clinical Manifestations
- Management
- Presenting Symptoms and Natural History
- Pathology
- Genetics
- Diagnosis
- Management
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 22 - Cardiac Amyloidosis
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- NATURAL HISTORY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- CLINICAL MANAGEMENT
- FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 23 - Heart Failure as a Consequence of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
- 24 - Heart Failure as a Consequence of Genetic Cardiomyopathy
- CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS
- FINDINGS THAT INDICATE A GENETIC FORM OF CARDIOMYOPATHY
- GENETIC CAUSES OF CARDIOMYOPATHY
- GENETIC TESTING
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 25 - Heart Failure as a Consequence of Hypertension
- 26 - Heart Failure as a Consequence of Valvular Heart Disease
- VALVULAR HEART DISEASE AS A TREATABLE CAUSE OF HEART FAILURE
- ETIOLOGIES, EPIDEMIOLOGY, AND DEMOGRAPHICS OF VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
- Mechanisms Involved in Producing Stenotic and Regurgitant Heart Valves
- Genetics Aspects of Valvular Heart Disease
- Quantification of Valve Lesion Severity
- Impact on Chamber Size, Function, and Myocardial Hypertrophy
- Systemic and Pulmonary Arterial Systems in Valvular Heart Disease
- Reverse Remodeling After Correction of Valvular Heart Disease
- CLINICAL MANIFESATIONS OF VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
- CLINICAL EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
- STAGES OF VALVULAR HEART DISEASE AND STAGES OF HEART FAILURE
- TREATMENT OF VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 27 - Heart Failure as a Consequence of Congenital Heart Disease
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS
- Imaging (see also Chapter 32)
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing
- Biomarkers (see also Chapter 33)
- TREATMENT
- SPECIFIC CONDITIONS
- SUMMARY
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 28 - Heart Failure as a Consequence of Viral and Nonviral Myocarditis
- HISTORY
- VIRAL ETIOLOGIES
- AUTOIMMUNE (NONVIRAL) ETIOLOGIES
- PATHOGENESIS IN MURINE MODELS
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- CARDIAC IMAGING (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 32)
- MYOCARDITIS MIMICKING ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
- MEDICAL THERAPY
- IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE THERAPY
- VIRAL DIAGNOSTICS AND TARGETED THERAPEUTICS
- MECHANICAL SUPPORT AND RECOVERY
- PEDIATRIC MYOCARDITIS
- PERIPARTUM CARDIOMYOPATHY (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 20)
- GENOMICS OF MYOCARDITIS AND INFLAMMATORY CARDIOMYOPATHY
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 29 - Heart Failure in the Developing World
- 30 - Heart Failure and Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- WHAT IS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCYVIRUS-ASSOCIATED HEART FAILURE?
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- CONTEMPORARY SHIFTS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE IN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS
- CARDIAC EFFECTS OF ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY
- COMORBIDITIES AND BEHAVIORAL FACTORS
- MANIFESTATIONS OF HEART FAILURE
- CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND HEART FAILURE
- HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT
- CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS SURGERY
- DEVICES AND ADVANCED HEART FAILURE THERAPIES
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- SECTION IV Clinical Assessment of Heart Failure
- 31 - Clinical Evaluation of Heart Failure
- INTRODUCTION AND GOALS OF CLINICAL EVALUATION
- HISTORY AND PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: THE CORE OF THE EVALUATION
- Medical History
- LABORATORY
- THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
- CHEST X-RAY
- ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 32)
- Cardiac Structure and Systolic Function
- Left Ventricular Volumes and Systolic Function
- Right Ventricular Systolic Function
- Cardiac Volumes
- Diastolic Function and Hemodynamics
- Determination of Pressures
- Valvular Disease
- Structural Abnormalities
- Pericardial Disease
- Dyssynchrony Assessment
- Detection of Cardiac Thrombi
- Performing Repeat Echocardiograms
- Other Imaging Modalities (see also Chapter 32)
- Ischemic Evaluation: Coronary Anatomy and Myocardial Viability (see also Chapter 19)
- Morphologic and Functional Evaluation
- Imaging for Nonischemic Causes of Cardiac Dysfunction
- Imaging to Determine Prognosis
- RIGHT-HEART CATHETERIZATION (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 34)
- ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY
- ASSESSING EXERCISE CAPACITY
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 32 - Cardiac Imaging in Heart Failure
- DEFINITION OF HEART FAILURE
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 18)
- OBJECTIVES OF CARDIAC IMAGING IN HEART FAILURE
- COST OF IMAGING TESTS
- HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION VERSUS HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
- EVALUATION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION
- MULTIPLE MODALITY CARDIAC IMAGING
- VALVULAR HEART DISEASE AND HEART FAILURE (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 26)
- MYOCARDIAL VIABILITY
- TRANSITION FROM MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION TO HEART FAILURE WITH REDUCED EJECTION FRACTION
- IDIOPATHIC DILATED CARDIOMYOPATHY
- ASSESSMENT OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION
- COMPLICATIONS OF HEART FAILURE
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN CARDIAC IMAGING
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 33 - Biomarkers and Precision Medicine in Heart Failure
- BIOMARKERS: DEFINITION AND GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATION
- MAJOR SOCIETY GUIDELINES
- HEART FAILURE BIOMARKERS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- REFERENCES FOR TABLE 33.6
- 34 - Hemodynamics in Heart Failure
- 31 - Clinical Evaluation of Heart Failure
- SECTION V Therapy for Heart Failure
- 35 - Disease Prevention in Heart Failure
- 36 - Acute Heart Failure
- BACKGROUND AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
- DEFINITION: WHAT IS ACUTE HEART FAILURE? WHY DOES THE DEFINITION MATTER?
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACUTE HEART FAILURE
- INITIAL MANAGEMENT
- INPATIENT MANAGEMENT (AND RE-RISK STRATIFICATION)
- PHARMACOLOGIC MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
- Key References
- REFERENCES
- 36G Guidelines The Hospitalized Patient
- 37 - Contemporary Medical Therapy for Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction
- GOALS OF THERAPY IN HEART FAILURE AND REDUCED EJECTION FRACTIONThe
- General Measures
- Diet and Fluid Restriction
- Diuretics and Management of Volume Status
- Neurohormonal Antagonists in the Management of Heart Failure
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
- Angiotensin–Neprilysin Inhibition
- β-Blockers
- Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
- Hydralazine and Nitrates
- Ivabradine
- Digoxin
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 37G - GuidelinesManagement of Heart Failure with aReduced Ejection Fractionaa
- TREATMENT OF PATIENTS AT HIGH RISK OF DEVELOPING HEART FAILURE (STAGE A)
- TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION WHO HAVE NOT DEVELOPED SYMPTOMS (STAGE B)
- TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION AND CURRENT OR PRIOR SYMPTOMS (STAGE C)
- TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH REFRACTORY END-STAGE HEART FAILURE (STAGE D)
- COMORBIDITIES IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS
- COORDINATING CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
- REFERENCES
- 38 - Management of Arrhythmias and Device Therapy in Heart Failure
- ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
- ATRIAL FLUTTER
- VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS
- Acute Episodes of Sustained Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia
- Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia
- Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients with Heart Failure
- Pharmacologic Therapy for Chronic Management of Ventricular Tachycardia
- Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia
- Device Therapy
- Arrhythmias Associated with Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy (see Chapter 45)
- Arrhythmia Management After Heart Transplantation
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 38G - Guidelines Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and ImplantableCardioverter-Defibrillators for Heart Failure with a Reduced Ejection Fractiona
- REFERENCES
- 39 - Treatment of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
- DEVELOPMENT OF TREATMENT STRATEGIES BASED ON THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE WITH PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION
- TREATMENT OF VOLUME OVERLOAD AND CONGESTION
- NITRATES AND NITRITES
- RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE BLOCKADE
- BETA-BLOCKADE
- IF CHANNEL BLOCKER: IVABRADINE
- OTHER TARGETS FOR MEDICAL THERAPY
- DEVICE-BASED THERAPIES
- SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- REFERENCE
- 39G - Guidelines Treatment of Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction
- 40 - Management of Heart Failure in Special Populations: Older Patients, Women, and Racial/Ethnic Minority Groups
- HEART FAILURE IN OLDER ADULTS
- HEART FAILURE IN WOMEN
- Epidemiology (see also Chapter 18)
- Clinical Features
- Ischemic Heart Failure in Women
- Therapy in Women
- Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
- Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
- Left Ventricular Assist Devices (see also Chapter 45)
- Heart Transplantation (see also Chapter 44)
- Prevalence
- Clinical Features
- Pathophysiology
- Racial Differences in Response to Drug Treatment
- SUMMARY
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 41 - Stem Cell-Based and Gene Therapies in Heart Failure
- 42 - Neuromodulation in Heart Failure
- 43 - Pulmonary Hypertension
- PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: DEFINITIONAND CLASSIFICATION
- CLINICAL FEATURES RAISING THE SUSPICIONOF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
- DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
- GROUP 1: PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
- GROUP 2: PULMONARY HYPERTENSION WITH LEFT HEART DISEASE
- GROUP 3: PULMONARY HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH LUNG DISEASES AND/OR HYPOXIA
- GROUP 4: PULMONARY HYPERTENSION DUE TO PULMONARY ARTERY OBSTRUCTIONS
- GROUP 5: PULMONARY HYPERTENSION ASSOCIATED WITH UNCLEAR MULTIFACTORIAL MECHANISMS
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 44 - Heart Transplantation
- 45 - Circulatory Assist Devices in Heart Failure
- 46 - Cardio-Oncology and Heart Failure
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HEART FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER
- SPECIFIC CANCER THERAPIES, THEIR MECHANISMS OF CARDIOTOXICITY, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE
- PREVENTION OF HEART FAILURE DURING CANCER TREATMENT
- MANAGING HEART FAILURE DURING CANCER TREATMENT
- ADVANCED THERAPIES IN THE CANCER PATIENT WITH HEART FAILURE
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 47 - Disease Management and Telemedicine in Heart Failure
- DEFINING DISEASE MANAGEMENT
- THE SELF-CARE PARADIGM
- HEART FAILURE DISEASE MANAGEMENT CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES
- HEART FAILURE DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN THE INPATIENT SETTING
- HEART FAILURE DISEASE MANAGEMENT IN THE OUTPATIENT SETTING
- WHY HAVE WE NOT SEEN CLEAR BENEFIT WITH HEART FAILURE DISEASE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS?
- KEY REFERENCES
- REFERENCES
- 48 - Management of Comorbidities in Heart Failure
- 49 - Quality and Outcomes in Heart Failure
- 50 - Decision Making and Palliative Care in Advanced Heart Failure